Monday, July 16, 2012

Happiness – Altruism

(For Podcast, click here.  For ITunes version, click here.)

We are continuing to mine the great spiritual riches from the book, Happiness by Matthieu Ricard.  There was a story included in Chapter 17 about a study that was done in Liverpool.  Researchers put a man in a public area, a park, and they positioned him near a walkway and he appeared to be in some distress and needing help. The researchers then observed people walking by to see how they reacted.  They simply counted how many people walked on by and how many people stopped to help.  They found that, out of hundred people passing by, only 15 people stopped to help.  Then, they ran the exact same experiment, but changed only one variable—they had the man wear a jersey from the local soccer team.   He was the same man; he was in the same distress, in the exact same place.  In this second scenario, 85 people stopped to help him.  By simply wearing a jersey for the home team, it appears they had a greater desire to help.  This experiment helps demonstrate our innate desire to belong to something bigger than ourselves, whether it be a soccer team or a spiritual community. 
There was also some interesting research done with a group of ministers.  Researchers went to a ministers conference and asked a some of the ministers to give a talk on the Good Samaritan story from the Bible.  They had each minister, one by one, meet in a room across the campus of this university where the conference was being held.  Part of the ministers were told that they had plenty of time to make it across campus to give their speech, then gave them directions how to get to the conference room.  On the way across campus, they positioned a man who appeared to be in some distress.   Of those ministers who were told they had plenty of time to make it to the conference room, about 90% of the ministers stopped and offered assistance.  Then, they did the exact same experiment, except for one variable--the researchers told the second set of the ministers, one by one, that they were running late, by about ten minutes, and that they would need to hurry to make it to the conference room in time to give their talk.  Of this second group, only 10% stopped to help the man in distress.  How ironic—they were going to give a talk about the Good Samaritan!
I think we can all relate to both a sense of wanting to belong to something greater than ourselves AND also those feelings of stress, depression or frustration that can cause us to close down and forget about others, becoming solely focused on our own suffering.   The entire 17th chapter of the book on Happiness is devoted to altruism.  It turns out that altruism is actually good for us.   We’ve talked a great deal about having an innate sense of well-being, regardless of our external circumstances, as a key component of long term happiness, and we have discussed many practices to work on ourselves internally, about how we feel about ourselves.  Matthieu Ricard emphasizes that an equally important component of happiness is caring for others, of having and acting upon this sense of altruism.  We can practice and strengthen our altruistic muscle. 
It turns out when your mom told you to share and be nice to others, she was right!  It really is good for you!  Altruism has an incredible impact on us, not only psychologically but also physiologically.  There is a great deal of research that confirms this connection.  People who volunteer, for instance, are significantly less likely to die from a second heart attack, than others who do not—holding all other variables constant.   It turns out that being nice to each other is not only good for the planet, but it’s also good for us. 
There is an important distinction about Buddhism that is sometimes missed because many of us come to Buddhism in the midst of a crisis in our life.  It can be misunderstood that these practices are like any other self-help program.  One might assume that it’s just about mindfulness and meditation.  We might have thought that we were just trying to get better, so that we can get on with our life, but Buddhism is a way of life, not just medication for short term relief.
When we talk about taking refuge in Buddha, Dharma and Sangha, these three jewels are like a three-legged stool.  If we are only focused on ourself and our own practice, then we will miss the critical component of spiritual community.  We come together to help each other, and to also be willing to reach out and ask for help.  As we each sit together in this room, imagine that we are all part of this practice.  The fact that you are all here is part of what is making it all work.  Any sense of loving-kindness and compassion that you might be feeling is being shared with each and every person in this room.
Last year, several of us went to Arkansas to see the Dalai Lama.  We were so excited with anticipation!   We were there in the sport arena with 19,000 of his closest friends.  It was quite an ordeal—there was no assigned seating, so we had to get there at 7 am in the morning and wait in line, then get our seat and wait until he and some other panel members spoke from 9 am to 11 am, then they made us exit the arena and get back in line, just to go back inside, find our seats and wait until 1 pm, when the Dalai Lama returned and spoke until about 3 o’clock.  We were basically stuck in this sports arena from 7 in the morning until 3 in the afternoon.  I kept thinking about the usual energy that probably filled the arena in the midst of a basketball game or concert.  We, however, were there with 19,000 people who were all focused on this experience of being with the Dalai Lama.  Of course, the Dalai Lama said some wonderful things, but when we left, the most powerful part of the experience had been that I spent a whole day with 19,000 people focusing on loving-kindness and compassion.  I left feeling spiritually intoxicated!
If you think you are just here to help yourself, that’s a good thing, that’s a good place to start.  But, we’re also here to change the world.  We may not change every single person, but we can make a very large impact on the person sitting next to us, and on every person in this room, and maybe even several people in this city.  As you begin to explore walking this Buddhist path, there is a lot of talk about mindfulness and meditation, and they are important components.  But, I encourage you to focus equally on the Sangha, the spiritual community, considering what that can do for your happiness and the happiness of those around you. 
Many of us can relate to times of depression, when we feel like we want to isolate, that we don’t want to leave the house, or maybe not even get out of bed. There might have been times when we felt sure that no one ever felt what we were feeling, no one could understand what we were going through.  Once again, the research shows that depression symptoms can be diminished if they can convince that person to find any volunteer activity, anything that is about working for the well-being of others, even a pet.  This innate desire for connectedness, even in the midst of suffering, is more evidence that we are inseparably interconnected to each other .  Beyond our unskillful thoughts, words and actions, each of us wants and needs the same thing—to feel loved and cared for.   
It can be a very good thing—by getting outside of just worrying about our own happiness, we can actually find some relief in worrying about the happiness of another.  It can actually make us feel better.  The research proving this fact is overwhelming. 
Sometimes this message gets confused with being all or nothing, a misunderstanding that “I just have to forget about me and ONLY care about others, then it’ll be okay.”  That isn’t part of the process either.  It is a balancing of caring for ourselves and caring for others, in the middle way, where the deepest happiness can be found.    I love a term that Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche used in the 1970’s when he was trying to teach Buddhism to hippies, who were trying to practice “free” love and giving away all their stuff.  He said that you need to beware of “idiot compassion”, compassion without wisdom.  This is not about giving away all your possessions so that your own family doesn’t have enough food to eat.  It is about finding the balance where we take care of ourselves in order to be able to take care of others.  Beware of idiot compassion.
An excellent tool for strengthening our altruistic muscle is the guided meditation of loving-kindness.  Like an athlete who mentally pictures effortlessly achieving his sport, we too can imagine being more loving, kind and compassionate to ourselves and to each and every person on the planet.  This practice enables us to cultivate a sense of love for ourselves and through that love, realize that we have an unlimited supply to share with others.  In Buddha, Dharma AND Sangha, we can take refuge and find relief from suffering.  Ahhhhhhh.  How sweet it is…

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